Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency

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Related Terms: CD18 Deficiency, FLAD, ITGB2

Type: DNA

Sample Types: Cheek brushes/swabs or Fresh EDTA blood

This type of test request requires a pre approval. Please email PennGen@vet.upenn.edu to get pre approval before taking any samples. If you don't get a pre approval your request will be cancelled.

2 months of age

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Sample Processing

Cost: $75.00

Species and Breeds
Feline - Domestic Long Hair

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The disease is characterized by recurrent infections, periodontitis, and the lifelong need for antibiotic treatment.

Prognosis appears to be better than in other species. With continued antibiotic therapy, expect a relatively long lifespan.

Autosomal recessive

Dependent on the degree and site of infection.

ITGB2 and XM_011285804.3:c.46_58+11del

Explanation of Results
Genotype Phenotype Interpretation
2-2 (Homozygous Disease Variant) Unhealthy (Affected) Homozygous Affecteds (2-2) are expected to develop signs consistent with Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency and all of their offspring will inherit a disease variant allele. Parents, offspring and relatives should also be tested. You may choose to contact us for a consultation on the management of this disease. 1 = Normal allele; 2 = Variant allele.
1-2 (Heterozygous) Healthy (Carrier) Heterozygous Carriers (1-2) are not expected to develop signs of Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency but each of their offspring has a chance of inheriting a disease variant allele. Parents, offspring and relatives should also be tested. 1 = Normal allele; 2 = Variant allele.
1-1 (Homozygous Normal) Healthy (Normal, Clear) Homozygous Normals (1-1) are not expected to develop signs of Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency and none of their offspring will inherit the disease variant allele. 1 = Normal allele; 2 = Variant allele.

Bauer TR Jr, Pratt SM, Palena CM, Raj K, Giger U. Feline leukocyte adhesion (CD18) deficiency caused by a deletion in the integrin ß2 (ITGB2) gene. Vet Clin Pathol. 2017 Sep;46(3):391-400. doi: 10.1111/vcp.12526. Epub 2017 Jul 27. PMID: 28750142; PMCID: PMC5610637.